However, claims about uniform fostering solidarity are not supported by empirical research on student feelings about belonging in the school context. It has the veneer of solidarity, but there is no empirical evidence linking uniform to feelings of belonging to a school. In a 2017 update to that study uniform was not listed among the 252 effects on educational outcomes [33]. Taking Part in School Life: Views of Children. 5(3):20315. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/education/117407680/i-can-be-free--7yearold-scraps-school-uniform-skirt-for-shorts. New York City: NY Department of Consumer Affairs (2015). Thu Jun 23 01:14 PM Class of 2023 Important Dates Seniors, please see the flyer for information regarding senior fees, cap and gowns, and mandatory meetings. 59. Carney, D, and Sinclair, A. Wearing a school blazer has been described as a cultural symbol of reaching and being included in a social ideal of wealth and educational achievement [95]. doi:10.1177/0895904808330170, 30. School Uniform Costs: Children Asking Santa for Basic Items [Internet] (2019). [Internet]. J Sch Violence (2012). Community norms reflect institutional and wider societal rules. Limitations notwithstanding, this research will be of interest to those within the public health community, those involved in uniform regulation and design, and those involved in educational management. Regarding garment design, more information is required on different priorities that inform design choices: durability, serviceability, safety of materials, quality, and comfort to the wearer, particularly with an eye to protection against environmental hazards, and how to make garment styles enduring over time as well as inclusive, comfortable, and health-promoting. Cho, H, Mbai, I, Luseno, WK, Hobbs, M, Halpern, C, and Hallfors, DD. Researchers have investigated how to standardize sizing [67], improve garment quality and durability [68], optimize materials, enhance style, include high visibility/reflectiveness for road safety, and ensure physical comfort irrespective of outside temperature [6871]. Studies varied in the number of participants, the number of sites from which participants were taken. The Effect of School Uniform on Incidental Physical Activity Among 10-Year-Old Children. A South African study reported that uniform helped to maintain classroom discipline [36]. Norrish et al.s [48] study on the effect of uniform on incidental physical activity among ten-year-olds found that school uniform design could limit physical activity (measured by student self-report and pedometers). Regarding impacts of design and policy, further studies are required with objective and subjective measures of whatever phenomenon related to uniform is being investigated. [Internet] (2018). 35. 78(6):6629. Yet Parks [39] study found in Korea uniform was linked to stifling creativity, in spite of good academic performance. Female Student Wins in Fight to Wear Pants How Does the Equal Opportunity Act Apply to School Uniforms? Palgrave Pivot (2019). J Pol Anal Manage (2004). 26. Data on freedom of expression is equivocal. It explores three questions: What is the evidence for the impact of school uniform on students academic and health outcomes; what social, cultural and political rationales are made for uniform use; and what human rights may be affected by school uniform choice? ADA (Title II) Complaint, see our, Website Accessibility/Notice to Disabled Persons, information page. Yet there is no clarity on whether a school can have a policy that is silent on students religious beliefs and practices [120, 121]. It has also shown that uniform merits public health interest: if uniform use is prevalent, its use impacts on health and educational outcomes, and, importantly, school uniform garments and policies regulating their use are amenable to improvement, with an eye to improving equity. Educ Res (2005). For some students the disadvantages will be cumulative. 15(1):4451. Similarly, Firmin et al. Firmin, M, Smith, S, and Perry, L. School Uniforms: A Qualitative Analysis of Aims and Accomplishments at Two Christian Schools. [28] noted there was a greater perception of increased attendance and achievement after uniform was introduced. These rights protect children because the wider socio-political climate identifies children and minors as a vulnerable class of people who need protection. Sun Protection Among New Zealand Primary School Children. 41(5):4254. 20.WHO. Naven, L, Egan, J, Sosu, EM, and Spencer, S. The Influence of Poverty on Children's School Experiences: Pupils' Perspectives. Study quality was not part of the analysis. The final determination shall be that of . Equality focuses on same treatment, while equity focuses on outcomes, sometimes requiring different treatment to achieve similar outcomes [104]. Uniforms remove competitive dressingthe pressure to wear certain (expensive) brands, colors, or styles [36]. 124. An organisations history, institutional stewardship, values, and traditions are often embodied in uniform, which is possibly why certain designs and materials are so enduring. 14(1):5369. Am J Epidemiol. 5450 Lott Road, Eight Mile, AL 36613 251-221-3070. In their discussion on the reasons for uniform, Meadmore and Symes argue that uniform wearing is a form of governmentalitythe process of unconscious internalization of external values designed to maintain existing power structures. 115. Similarly to promoting equity and freedom of religion, human rights protect non-discrimination by gender. In their view, the human right to equal treatment is enhanced by removing outward signs of social differences [36, 89]. 2016(11). [Internet]. They included: policy summaries; legal analyses; historical commentaries on uniforms development; socio-political analyses; political think-pieces; and one economic analysis. Hesse lies in the middle of Germany and is a state of contrasts: idyllic towns with half-timbered houses in northern and southern Hesse on the one hand, and, on the other, the famous . View the flyer below for more information. Top Navigation Menu. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1440244011001496 doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.08.002, 51. Search. 25. Nonetheless, poorly designed garments and uniform policies especially affect girls and minorities. Overall, while human rights are universal, the way they are expressed in particular cultural contexts varies, driven by socio-political forces. Oft -cited peer-reviewed sources that did not appear in the literature searches were also included in the literature review (n = 25), as well as texts that were found in the initial work for this review. 10. [98] describe how uniforms that use a hybrid of traditional and modern clothing styles, materials, and manufacturing techniques are part of a cultural revitalization project in Thailand. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927930137&doi=10.1080%2F14733285.2015.1033614&partnerID=40&md5=9f07df90dce7a24f3b978b378f0f15a5 doi:10.1080/14733285.2015.1033614, 98. Furthermore, different stakeholder (student, parent, teacher, school administrator) perspectives could be measured to further explore what factors influence garment design, how those different factors inform uniform use policy within schools, extending on multi stakeholder studies similar to that done by Wilken and van Aardt [42] or McCarthy et al [41]. However, there is no agreement about what rights of children exactly should be protected, and many wider concerns about children are projected onto uniform [89]. doi:10.1080/15568318.2016.1253803, 52. York: University of York (2016). FIGURE 1. 56(12):11421. Studies from the United States in the early 2000s [23, 24] note a positive correlation between uniform wearing and academic achievement (e.g., Bodine [25]). [Internet]. [52] found both garment design and schools uniform policy hampered active transport among older teenagers. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084809009&doi=10.1080%2F19404476.2020.1759298&partnerID=40&md5=81d474e66f91dbbf58d6aac117a9687c doi:10.1080/19404476.2020.1759298, 75. 15(2):14368. Afr J AIDS Res (2019). J Business Res (2004). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073970184&doi=10.1108%2FJCS-04-2018-0008&partnerID=40&md5=3c657325b28a596e42e0efa63f361a2d doi:10.1108/jcs-04-2018-0008, 109. In Begum, the judgment shows how tricky it is to reconcile all human rights in themselves, let alone apply them within the context uniform policy requirements. Some [87] argue that uniform should be done away with altogether because of harm to childrens human rights. Available from: https://www.theeducatoronline.com/k12/news/do-we-really-need-school-uniforms/229540, 133. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890368912&doi=10.1108%2FHE-02-2013-0007&partnerID=40&md5=8c6bd00809b66a399eb92416f03e7a3d. 27(3):31331. Available from: http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/vic/VCAT/2017/1507.html?context=1;query=Arora v Melton Christian College;mask_path. (2013). The first group comprised empirical research that examined data on some aspect of garment design or policy or uniform wearing experience. The second group comprised analyses of large datasets (n = 5), and one meta analysis on factors affecting educational outcomes. In some societies, uniform wearing seems intrinsically linked to a greater societal good. Getting a Head Start: Sun Protective Hats in New Zealand Primary School Policies How Do They Measure up to SunSmart Schools Accreditation Criteria? NZ J Educ Stud (2017). [Internet]. We would be glad Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84915737039&doi=10.1111%2Fphp.12312&partnerID=40&md5=7ce0591810d2afd1640a0e3e767e64a5 doi:10.1111/php.12312. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042157275&doi=10.1177%2F0013124503255002&partnerID=40&md5=dcabf70e4f761c481e2102e2cb98ac3d doi:10.1177/0013124503255002. 5450 Lott Road, Eight Mile, Alabama | (251) 221-3070. Notably, girls uniforms tend to be more expensive [106, 114], illustrating that even here there is a pink tax for female-oriented products that perform the same function as a unisex/male alternative [114, 129]. In addition to inequity of physical activity by gender and barriers for minority groups, the cost of uniform garments themselves is a determinant of access to education, and clearly unequally felt across society. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0345818473&partnerID=40&md5=84cef98ffd56200543d9dbe8fe17c40d. 6(2):12749. Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity. Additionally, some argue that uniforms contribute to a sense of affiliation in students, belonging [81], and pride in the school, especially after uniform has been recently introduced [82]. 41(4):64357. It does not level social class, and is not blind to religion, gender, and socio-economic status. Yeung, R Are School Uniforms a Good Fit? An important practical implication is making the evidence about uniforms education and health impacts available in a form easily accessible to school administrators and governors to inform their uniform garment and policy decisions. Mere expression is simply about what a person likes/dislikes, whereas substantive expression is an outer manifestation of deeply held values or another specific intention. [Internet]. RMLE Online (2020). Starr, J. Multicultural Training of the Teacher for Work with Children of Muslim Migrants. Gereluk [72] argues for reasonable accommodation and mechanisms to redress potential unequal treatment of minorities. Nishigai, M. From Categorizing to Balancing liberty Interests in Constitutional Jurisprudence: An Emerging Sliding-Scale Test in the Seventh Circuit and Public School Uniform Policies. 6(1). However, he notes that the heat and impact of the discussion are as if [uniform] were obviously effective (p106) [32]. Baumann and Kriskova argue that conforming to social norms is part of being a good Confucian; thus, any penalty for breaching uniform standards (a social norm) is explicitly and intrinsically linked to becoming a better Confucian. Given that teacher skill and relationship between student and teacher are established as influential factors on learning outcomes [33], some argue that expecting teachers to enforce school uniform rules detracts from teaching, learning, and good relationships [30, 37], notwithstanding the classroom management benefits of uniform-wearing described by Baumann and Kriskova [21]. 30(6). Baumann, C, and Krskova, H. School Discipline, School Uniforms and Academic Performance. 96. However, the authors note that the study was not conducted as anticipated; some families promised uniforms were not supplied with them, and many in the study group had already purchased a uniform (it was therefore a sunk cost), so uniform cost was not a factor that decided school attendance. Draper, J. The third group were non-empirical studies. doi:10.1080/18377122.2012.666198, 49. 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Does the Equal Opportunity Act Apply to School Uniforms a good Fit eid=2-s2.0-85084809009 & doi=10.1080 % 2F19404476.2020.1759298 & &! Work with Children of Muslim Migrants Road, Eight Mile, AL 36613 251-221-3070 to stifling,! ( expensive ) brands, colors, or styles [ 36, 89 ],!
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